Implication of Placebo Upshot in Biomedical Investigations: False Hope and Best Clinical Data
Abstract
Pramod Singh Khatri*, Brajpal Singh1
Placebo is used as a substance, medicine and procedure that the physician believes has not known certain pharmacological action against the condition that being treated. If this produces an effect in patients resulting from its unquestioning or manifesting purpose and not from its specific physical and chemical properties. Placebos often take in the form of sugar pills, saline injections, miniscule doses of drug or sham procedures designed to be void any therapeutic value. In medical research placebo given as control treatment depend on the use of measured suggestion the based on false information. Some of physician believes that placebo can be produces an effect negative or positive based on patients psychological thinking. The ethical aspect of the use, act of placing patient in placebo group has been equated with the negligent withholding of treatment. This could be interpreting as a violation of beneficence. The use of placebo controls touch main of four ethical principles that are principle of autonomy, beneficence, paternalism is the special type of beneficence and nonmaleficence. Both the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki and Council of International Organization for Medical Sciences' International Ethical Guideline for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects have recently been revised in a way that seems to support wider use of placebo controls. Ultimately, deceptive use of placebos is not ethically acceptable because it may potential harm to patients to greater degree than it helps them. Biomedical Research and development of new drugs and implies an important investment of human and economic resources for conducting clinical trials designed to evaluate efficacy and safety of new medications. Knowledge of mechanisms of placebo effect and how the latter can influence the different efficacy variables in these research studies appears essential in order to optimize the available resource in application to development of new drugs.
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